Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal with no known biological function in plants and one of the most toxic substances released into the environment. Crops, such as rice, maize, wheat and tobacco are the major sources of Cd for humans. Cd toxicity inhibits crop growth and development by affecting many central physiological and biochemical …
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most common environmental and occupational heavy metals with extended distribution. Exposure to Cd may be associated with several deleterious consequences on the liver, bones, kidneys, lungs, testes, brain, immunological, and cardiovascular systems. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as the …
Cadmium is an element. Its most abundant naturally-occurring isotope is non-radioactive. It is found in nature in mineral forms and is obtained for commercial uses principally from cadmium ore, called greenockite, which is commonly found in association with zinc ore. Commercial production of cadmium ore depends on the mining of zinc (ATSDR 1999).
Comparing the highest to the lowest category of cadmium exposure, the weighted relative risk and 95% confidence interval of lung cancer in the general population was 1.42 (95% CI (0.91, 2.23)); the weighted risk estimates (95% CIs) of lung cancer in three occupational cohort studies and three case-control studies were 0.68 (95% CI (0.33, 1.41 ...
The amount of cadmium in the kidney tubulus cells increases during every person's life span. A perturbance of the phosphor and calcium metabolism as a result of this phenomenon is in discussion . An increasing cadmium load in the kidney is also discussed to result in a higher calcium excretion, thus leading to a higher risk of kidney stones.
Cadmium is often present in industrial settings in metals and welding operations. Potential worker exposure to cadmium, however, is well-regulated by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). OSHA has set a Permissible Exposure Limit, or PEL, of 5 micrograms of cadmium per cubic meter of air, which is …
In this review, we focus on the transport systems of Cd in cereal crops and discuss approaches for reducing Cd accumulation in cereal grains. AVAILABILITY IN SOIL The average Cd content in soil ranges from 0.07 to 1.1 mg kgâˆ'1 (Kabata-Pendias and Pendias, 1984), but highly contaminated soils exceed this range.
residues (e.g. cadmium-containing dust from electric arc furnaces) or intermediate products. Recycling accounts for approximately 10−15% of the production of cadmium in developed coun-tries (National Resources Canada, 2007). The primary use of cadmium, in the form of cadmium hydroxide, is in electrodes for Ni–Cd batteries.
Acute intoxication. The respiratory system is affected severely by the inhalation of cadmium-contaminated air: Shortness of breath, lung edema and destruction of mucous membranes as part of cadmium-induced pneumonitis are described [].As already reported in 1942, intake of cadmium-contaminated food causes acute gastrointestinal …
Bulong cổ vuông (Carriage Bolts) hay còn gọi là bulong đầu tròn cổ vuông, là bulong có đầu tròn, ren chạy dọc theo phần thân, cổ vuông giúp bulong tránh bị dịch chuyển khi siết chặt. Bulong cổ vuông được chế tạo theo tiêu chuẩn DIN 603 từ thép và thép không gỉ (inox 304). Chúng dùng để cố định kim loại vào gỗ trong ...
With its accumulation in upland rice, cadmium (Cd) can easily enter the human food chain, which poses a global health threat considering nearly half of the human population depends on rice as a staple food source. A study was conducted to (1) evaluate Cd accumulation by rice cultivars, grown in Cd-polluted Tropical Oxisols, with different …
Main conclusion This review provides new insight that calcium plays important roles in plant growth, heavy metal accumulation and translocation, photosynthesis, oxidative damage and signal transduction under cadmium stress. Increasing heavy metal pollution problems have raised word-wide concerns. Cadmium (Cd), being a highly toxic …
Cadmium is present naturally in the air mainly as a result of volcanic emissions and release by vegetation. Anthropogenic sources, which overall give rise to emissions one order of magnitude greater than natural sources, are largely primary non-ferrous metals production and waste incineration. Measured concentrations of airborne …
For U-DPD, there was a significant interaction between cadmium and menopause ( p = 0.022). Our results suggest negative effects of low-level cadmium exposure on bone, possibly exerted via increased bone resorption, which seemed to be intensified after menopause. Based on the prevalence of osteoporosis and the low level …
Dietary exposure and absorption of cadmium is a function of the cadmium concentration of the food and the amount of the food consumed. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) conducted a large-scale analysis of cadmium in food items in 2009 and concluded that "grains and grain products," "vegetables and vegetable products," and …
1. Introduction. Cadmium is a toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic heavy metal constituting substantial threat to public health [1,2,3].Cadmium is ranked on the 7th place in the 2013 substance priority list created by the agency for toxic substances and disease registry (ATSDR) [].The sources of environmental cadmium exposure include diet and …
Apart from occupational exposure and personal tobacco consumption, diet accounts for about 90% of Cd exposure [].In some studies, the absorption rate of Cd intake through diet is estimated to be 3% to 5% in humans []; however, other studies suggest that absorption through diet can be as high as 44% [].Cd is an accumulative toxicant with a long …
Hydrated cadmium sulfate (3CdSO 4 ·5H 2 O), one of cadmium's compounds, is used in a device called a Weston cell, a type of battery that produces a precise voltage used to calibrate medical and laboratory equipment. Cadmium sulfide (CdS), another cadmium compound, is a yellow powder that is used as a pigment. Other cadmium compounds …
Abstract. Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal that may be detected in soils and plants. Wheat, as a food consumed by 60% of the world's population, may uptake a high quantity of Cd through its roots and translocate Cd to the shoots and grains thus posing risks to human health. Therefore, we tried to explore the journey of Cd in wheat via a review ...
Cadmium is a volatile element with chalcophile affinity. In the marine environment, Cd is a micronutrient element, while in the ecological environment and agricultural soil environment, Cd is a toxic element. ... A case study from the post-snowball Earth Nuccaleena cap dolostone[J]. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology …